I Am Ot Esther

In the novel â€Å"I am not Esther†, by Fleur Beale, a character I admired was Kirby. I admired her because she kept strong after her mum abandoned her, she helped Maggie and developed a strong relationship with her, and she left The Fellowship to find her mum and get her life back again. Firstly, I admired Kirby because she stayed strong when her mother abandoned her. Kirby was a complete mess about what happened, but she stayed strong as best as she could and tried get on with the change of lifestyle that was made to her.Kirby did find it hard, but she found a way to deal with it and not be so depressed. Maggie and Daniel helped with this, as Kirby felt less alone with their kindness. â€Å"I'm Kirby, I yelled. I'm not Esther for God's Sake! â€Å". This shows that Kirby is staying true to herself and staying strong with who she really is and that she will not let them change her identity completely. Another reason why I admired Kirby is because she helped Maggie become a happier child and she developed a strong relationship with her.The first time Kirby observed the Pilgrim family praying, Maggie stood out to Kirby because of how young she was, also by seeing how upset it made Maggie when they prayed, and Kirby knew it was wrong and felt sorry for her. Kirby then started to spend more time with Maggie and develop a bond between them, which made the two of them happier and stronger together. â€Å"Come along princess. Come and show me how to get into these funny clothes. This is showing that Kirby is wanting to start a good relationship with Maggie, and that she wants Maggie to be a happier child living with their religious ways. Lastly, I admired Kirby because she left The Fellowship to go find her mum because she knew that living with the Pilgrim family was not what she wanted, and she knew that she needed to be with her mother. Kirby was happy to announce that she would be leaving The Fellowship to return to her mother.She knew it was the right t hing to do, but that meant she was expelled from The Church and that Kirby would be dead to them all. Kirby knew that she would not become Esther Pilgrim, and that she knew deep down inside that she was Kirby Greenland. â€Å"Let's get out of here! † This is what Kirby says to Daniel when The Church kick them both out after they both decide to leave The Fellowship. This is showing that Kirby is eager to escape from The Fellowship, and get her old life back with her mother and other family me†¦

CMIT Quiz

When you go to Disk Management, the option to create the RAID 10 array is not available. What should you do? Install an don RAID controller typewrite. Com/64705886/ o mobility ombowithtestoutpcproa220801220802troub Ices tenderhearted sandal atherosclerosis/ 1/91 Combo with â€Å"Combo with â€Å"Tautest PC Pro A+ 220801 / You have connected two drives to the primary DID interface in a PC system. How could the drives be configures? (select two) 1) Set both drives to Cable Select You have a desktop computer that uses a 250 Watt power supply.You recently added a disk RADIO array to the system and now it spontaneously shuts down. What should you do? Upgrade to a power supply that provides more watts You are responsible for managing the client workstations at your computer. A seer in the conference room called concerning the digital projector and display issues when the projector is connected to his laptop. After identifying the cause and completely resolving the issue, the projector di splays the images perfectly both on his laptop and on the projector. What should you do next?Document the solution You have a custom database application that your company has been using for several years. The application works fine on all of your Windows XP systems. You have just purchased a new Windows 7 system for one of your sales team members. You make this user a member of the Users group on the local system. You install the custom application successfully. When the sales person logs on and tries to run the application, the program splash screen loads but then seems to hang. What should you do first?Grant the user permissions to the directories and files used by the application. What is a recovery partition? A partition created by the computer manufacturer to restore the system to its original State 2) Set one drive to Master and the other to Slave http://equalize. Com/64705886/ combowithcombowithtestoutpcproa220801220802troubleshootingand70ther 2/91 I ,'25/2015 A user in sale s cannot get his laptop to display through a projector. He sees the screen output on the built LCD display, but the video is not being seen on the projector. What should you do first?See the Fan key to redirect display to the external video port Which of the following tools is specifically designed to test the DC voltage on a HAD power connector? Power supply tester On a Windows system, which Task Manager tab would you use to adjust the priority given to a specific program? Processes After removing the printed paper from your laser printer, the toner smudges and can be wiped off in places. Which of the following is most likely the problem? Fuser rollers The video driver on your Windows 7 computer is preventing the system from starting up successfully.You have already downloaded an updated driver and copied it to the computer's HAD. Which mode should you select from the Windows Advanced Boot Options menu that would most likely allow you to start the computer to continue fixing the pr oblem? Enable VGA Mode Which tool would be the best choice to remove and replace the motherboard BIOS chip? ICC extractor Which utility can be used to view when a service was stopped as well as any error messages generated by the service? Event Viewer You have added a new 1 TAB HAD to a endows computer. The disk is configured as a basic disk.Which of the following can be configured on this disk? (select two) 1) Primary partitions 2) Extended partitions with logical drives co mbowithcombowithtestoutpcproa220801220802troub Ices tenderhearted sandal etherealness rods/ 3/91 You're troubleshooting a computer running Windows 7. The SO has halted and a blue screen has been displayed on the monitor with an error message. What is the first step you should take in troubleshooting the issue? Search for the error in Microsoft's knowledgeable or in a search engine on the Internet Which of the following identify the key preferences between a worm and a virus? ) Worms independently replicate thems elves 2) A virus relies on a host for replication Which of the following protects a computer from electrostatic discharge? Antistatic wrist strap You have purchased an LED monitor and connected it to the DAVID port using a DAVID cable. You configure the screen resolution to 1440 x 900 with bit color. The screen display seems to be fuzzy. What should you do to correct the Change the screen resolution to the native resolution of the monitor In which of the following situations would restoring from a backup be the best option? Select two) ) You accidentally deleted several important emails from Outlook and need to restore them. 2) You need to restore several word processing files that were accidentally deleted from My Documents Your laptop carrying case is designed from a inch laptop, yet you think you can squeeze your inch laptop into it. Before slipping the laptop into the case, what Remove any Expressed from their slots co mbowithcombowithtestoutpcproa220801220802troublesh00tingand7 0ther sand 1 atherosclerosis/ 4/91 Combo with â€Å"combo with â€Å"Tautest PC Pro A+ 220801 / You have a small wireless network with less than 50 client computers.You upgrade the hardware on TV'0 wireless devices so you can use a better security standard than WEEP. Now you need to implement the new security standard. You need the greatest amount of security with the least amount of effort, and without replacing any of the wireless infrastructure. What should you do? (select two) 1) Implement WEAVES You're conducting scheduled maintenance on a laser printer. You notice that there is a buildup of excess toner inside the interior of the printer. Which of the following is the proper way to remove Use an antistatic vacuum You're troubleshooting a malfunctioning notebook computer.Nothing appears on the LCD display when the system is powered on. What is the first thing you should do? Plug in an external monitor You have a compiler that compiles applications used in your business. You w ant to make sure that the compiler continues to run in the background, even if you open the other applications. How can you adjust the amount of attention given to that application? Use Task Manager to adjust the process priority Several employees have forwarded you an email indicating that your company's health insurance provider has just launched a new benefits management Web site that all employees must start using.The employees are told in the email to click a link to access the site. Once there, they are required to provide their USN. However, you have discovered that your company's insurance provider did not send this e mail. What kind of attack just occurred? Phips inning 2) Configure each client with the same key 5/91 A user sends a print job to a network printer and it prints page after page of random characters. He calls the help desk and a technician discovers that somehow the wrong printer driver has been loaded on the users workstation.

Brand Loyalty A Two Dimensional Approach Marketing Essay

Brand Loyalty A Two Dimensional Approach Marketing Essay The ultimate goal of the research is to understand if brand loyalty may arise from participating in online brand communities. This section more specifically intends to provide an answer to the following sub-question: â€Å"Does commitment to online brand communities lead to members’ loyalty toward the brand?† Brand Loyalty: a Two-Dimensional Approach Nowadays, brand loyalty is considered as one of the most valuable asset of any company. Due to the higher cost of attracting new customers, companies have realized the interest of retaining existing ones by carefully developing and managing relationships with them. As explained Rosenberg and Czepiel (1983) (cited in Mellens, Dekimpe, indeed, if properly managed brand loyalty has the ability to provide companies with a sustainable competitive advantage. Companies selling brands with strong customer loyalty can enjoy valuable benefits including: â€Å"ability to maintain premium pricing, greater bargaining power with chann els of distribution, reduced selling costs, a strong barrier to potential new entries into the product or service category, and synergistic advantages of brand extensions† (Reichheld, 1996; cited in Gommans, Krismnan Mellens et al., 1996). Two main approaches in explaining the concept of brand loyalty have emerged in the landscape of the marketing literature, namely: the behavioral and attitudinal approaches. The former defines brand loyalty in terms of repeat purchases of a specific brand over time (Keller et al., 2008; Lichtlà © Sheth, 1968; Tuominen, 1999). The latter – often referred to brand commitment (Jacoby and Chestnut, 1978) – suggests brand loyalty is formed when customers demonstrate favorable attitudes, positive feelings toward a brand (Lichtlà © Fullerton, 1993; Jacoby Keller et al., 2008; Tuominen, 1999). Those partisans of the third approach argue that behavioral loyalty is a necessary condition but not sufficient to develop brand loyalty. I ndeed, customer may repeatedly buy a branded product/service out of convenience, or because she/he cannot afford to purchase another with her/his budget, or due to other reasons such as stock limitations. Such behaviors are referred to as purchase inertia (Bloemer & Kasper, 1995) or spurious loyalty (Dick & Basu, 1994) (Cited in Lichtlà © & Plichon, 2008). This implies that if, for example, the price increases or if an alternative product is available, the customer may turn to another brand. It is the reason why those authors speak of brand loyalty only when repeat purchase behavior over time is the result of positive feelings and attitudes to the brand (Lichtlà © & Plichon, 2008). Aaker (1991) and Keller et al. (2008) go a step further by explaining customers should not simply have positive feelings about the brand but they should feel a deep attitudinal attachment to the brand, leading to repurchase behaviors in the future. By viewing brand loyalty as a two-dimensional construct , limitations faced by the behavioral approach in explaining customer’s loyalty to a brand can be overcome.

The Role of Strategic Planning within an Organisation Research Paper

The Role of Strategic Planning within an Organisation - Research Paper Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that the development of an organizational strategic plan remains essential in ensuring the stakeholders remains focused toward achievement of common goals. Through the strategic planning aspect, a guideline to fundamental decisions becomes established as organizations seek to enhance the effectiveness of the organizational business process. Effective strategic planning, therefore, presents an articulate course of actions which are necessary for making essential progress within the organization. Strategic planning remains an essential aspect of management which must be effectively addressed in seeking to ensure organizational efficacy. This planning element can be defined as a fundamental determinant of the management process as it presents an evaluative communication of the organizational capabilities with objectives. Strategic planning enables organizations to match their capabilities with the anticipated outcomes, hence enhance the effectiv eness in the utilization of organizational resources. The strategic planning element provides guidance regarding the course of action to be taken under different circumstances which might face the organization. This is commonly established following an extensive analysis of the internal and external factors which might affect the effectiveness of the organization. Organisational planning remains essential in the development of processes aimed at providing a guideline into the actions undertaken towards achieving organizational goals. The fundamental focus of strategic planning remains to ensure the sustainability of business operations in the future. Strategic planning remains a critical element in different management aspects within an organization. Crisis management can be described as the process through which organizations deal with external threats which could potentially harm business operations.

Discussion Board reply Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Discussion Board reply - Assignment Example If demand for products is left to virtual shopping estimates only, it would provide biased outcomes that may not reflect actual market behavior and equilibrium. Saving is important for both households and the economy as a whole. A household benefits from savings as it allows a cushion in case of an economic recession. Furthermore, savings allow households to invest in various parts of the economy which aids in increasing the total assets available to a household. On the other hand, the economy stands to benefit from household savings since it allows the government and banks greater liquidity to initiate larger economic projects and hence spur economic growth. In addition, the increased liquidity helps governments to provide better social security nets for the population at large (Gwartney, Stroup, Sobel, & Macpherson, 2011, p. 246). There is no rule of thumb for the proportion a household should save. However, it could be generalized that a household should save enough of its disposable income to allow investment opportunities and to cushion economic shocks whilst not saving too much so as to cause a loss of liquidity in the

Take Home Final Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Take Home Final - Assignment Example Family planning policy in Brazil has undergone revolution in the recent years. It has undergone a series of development over the years. In the last decade, Brazil has experienced low birth rates due to increased access in education, contraception, and family planning. In Brazil, there was interventionism and it led to a drop in total fertility rates. Many of the citizens use artificial birth control as a tool to family planning. The influence from media, movies, soap operas, and television is a tool towards family planning in Brazil. This family planning has reduced fertility rates. In the early 1960s, every household had about six children but after this transition to family planning the number of children have significantly reduced to fewer than two children (Krugman & Wells, 2006). The policy of family planning in Vietnam was developed long ago in the 1960s. The national government advocated the policy of almost two children. The local govern is responsible in executing this policy. For any additional children the district government imposed fines. Women who agreed to be sterilized were given bonuses. The government used strict tools to ensure this policy is met. Individuals who never used contraceptives their names were announced in order to embarrass them. THz government went even a step to deny people who violated the policy their salaries, jobs, and promotions. This policy led to reduction in birthrate in Vietnam (Krugman & Wells, 2006). The total fertility rate dropped from 5.6 to 3.2. This policy is a high interventionism to ensure the two-child policy is met. In a declining trade economy, its effect will be felt on the workers. In developing workers are attracted to manufacturing sectors with high wages and move from the rural to urban (Krugman & Wells, 2006). This will be different in an economy where it has deteriorated and the trade declined thus reduced rural-urban migration. Harris model is an

The Philosophy of Kitsch Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Philosophy of Kitsch - Essay Example Kitsch philosophy states that fine art or art is a sole concept. This philosophy does not support the use of fine art or art in physical manifestation. In 18th century, Immanuel Kant, the German philosopher, highlighted the concept of the using fine art for doing physical manifestation. During 1998, the philosophy of Kitsch became very popular and the Kitsch painter gave huge effort in separating art from craft . The art theorists Hermann Broch, Clement Greenberg and Theodor Adorno popularized the word Kitsch from 1930s. These theorists were against the philosophy of Kitsch. The huge popularity of Kitsch philosophy became a threat for the art world. The culture of the art world was getting changed by the philosophy. Various people contradict the philosophy of Kitsch and place their views against the philosophy. The philosophy of Kitsch emphasizes on the antithesis of modern art . The philosophy of Kitsch is related to human nature, senses etc. In the book â€Å"On Kitsch† the philosophy of the author was highlighted by paintings.The philosophy of Kitsch is closely associated with the idea of art in the modern times. Earlier in Greece, the word â€Å"art† means beauty and skill. In the modern era, art became a form of expression thoughts . Kant was considered as most influential person who developed the modern and post modern philosophy of art. The philosopher, Hegel supported the theory of Kant. Earlier it was thought that art must be developed by true man who does not have skills.

Events of September 20th 1973 Speech or Presentation

Events of September 20th 1973 - Speech or Presentation Example The day witnessed the sorrowful and untimely pass away of immensely talented American songwriter and singer Jim Croce who was originally named as James Croce. At the time of his death of a plane crash he was only 30 plus and less than three and half months away of his 31st birthday. Like many other musical geniuses Jim’s early career was not so successful though it turned into colours quite rapidly in 1970 (Alfred Publishing 104). This period was renowned for Jim’s meeting with singer and song writer Maury Muehlesien and the duo jammed together quite well. The flexibility between the two in interchanging their roles as vocalist to musicians was worth watching. The duo produced some ear melting songs like â€Å"You Don’t Mess Around with Jim,† â€Å"Life and Times†, â€Å"Operator and Time in Bottle† and of them received applaud. Especially Croce’s â€Å"Bad Bad Leroy Brown† became the number one chart hit in America in 1973 (And erson, 38). Catastrophe struck at this point of success when Croc along with all the crew in a chartered plain met a crash in their way to Sherman Texas and succumbed to the crash. The most major event on that day regarding sports might be considered as the battle between sexes as it is popularly known. This was a tennis match between Bobby Riggs and Billie Jean King two of the supremos of lawn tennis. The game was metaphorical at the back ground of equality in payment between male and female tennis stars. Two important points are here to note, Bobby was at that time 55 and Billy was 27. However putting it aside Billy Jean King downed Bobby in straight sets 6-4, 6-3, 6-3. The biggest contribution of Billy to women tennis was to put it a step forward towards equality with their male counterpart. It is worth noting that Margaret Court arguably the greatest ever ladies tennis player faced a humiliating defeat against Bobby (6-1, 6-2) on mothers day, popularly known as mother’s d ay massacre. Miss Court was never an ardent supporter of equality among the male and the female players and that perhaps restricted her from furnishing her highest efforts while combating Bobby. On the other hand Billy realised that if this old man manages to defeat her then woman tennis would walk back around fifty years. Though the match ended in a friendly manner and gestures were exchanged between the two, but that in no way undermines the significance of this historical battle of sex between two legends of the game (Drury, 63). On the same day and same year Alan L. Powedermaker and his wife built a ranch in western style making a perfect western essence named Circle R Ranch. At the very initial level the ranch hoisted a party with only 28 members. The party was meant for eastern Kodak. If increase in number of gusts is considered as an significant growth of the ranch and which definitely is; nowadays 350,000 guests are each year entertained within the realm of the ranch. Till d ate Circle R the ranch has been associated with many interesting events that have even claimed awards. Some of them are worth mentioning â€Å"Sly and The Family Stone, The World Classic Rockers, Charlie Daniels Band, LeeAnn Rimes, Tracey Lawrence, Dwight Yoakum, KC & the Sunshine Band, Kool & the Gang, 3 Dog Night, Bo Diddley and Chubby Checker. In 1996, Circle R hosted the Country Music Association Awards Gala.† (Circle R. Ranch) The ranch was now operated by two very experienced persons, Steven Foster and Wendy Foster who are eventually

( pain Management) letter to my subject examiner Essay

( pain Management) letter to my subject examiner - Essay Example Pharmacologic Pain Interventions often alleviate pain symptoms by reviewing the prescription. However, this part of treatment is temporary and is concerned with reducing the pain rather than curing it to the core in the long run. Moreover, there are some major constraints in Pharmacologic Pain Intervention that include inadequate knowledge of nurses, little support from doctors and patient’s approval. In our last meeting, we had a thorough discussion on the topic that really helped me in gaining clear insights of the subject. Your insights offered a clear understanding along with making me think at a different and broad level. I personally believe that Pharmacologic Pain Interventions is a serious issue in the pain management, both acute and chronic. It requires specific knowledge and understanding along with a sense of ethics. There is no doubt that your guidance helped me in gaining multiple perspectives of the subject matter and with your due permission, I would like to explore the knowledge and understanding of nurses on Pharmacologic Pain Interventions especially in Saudi Arabia. Few research papers have already been written pertaining to this issue and with this analysis, it would further help in understanding the core intricacies of pain management in an analytical and critical manner. Therefore, I need your permission to go ahead with the above mentioned thought. Lack of adequate knowledge is the biggest worry in Pharmacologic Pain Interventions as nurses often try to alleviate pain but with limited knowledge fail to do so in the long run (Kaki, Daghistani (2007). I personally believe that this assignment has a lot more to offer and underpin and with inadequate knowledge and training actins as serious threats, the concept of Pharmacologic Pain Interventions can be explored in a critical manner. All these points are based on the

Marketing in the Information Age for Specialty Recored Music Store Research Paper

Marketing in the Information Age for Specialty Recored Music Store - Research Paper Example joys reasonable amount of foot fall Weakness Lack of Digital Presence Lack of shop branding Product line offered is relatively narrow Opportunities The store owner has 50% ownership in a local bar that specializes in- house music. This provides an opportunity to promote the offerings of the store Reasonable demand of the offerings as the store enjoys relatively good foot fall Threats Presence of larger firms like HMV Customers are switching to the bigger firms trough online medium. Store Diagnosis Based on the back ground of the study and the SWOT analysis it can be understood that the shop has entered in to a viscous circle. Customers are visiting the shop; but due to the organized nature of the shop, people are losing interests, People are switching to other firms like HMV through the online medium. Add to that the firm has no online presence. Creating Digital Presence The first step towards making the digital presence is to have a website. As mentioned earlier having a business wi thout a website is like having a business without face. If the store owner does not have the expertise, then it can be outsourced to any SEO company. The website must have product sections clearly mentioning the products offered by the store. It must be made sure that the website visitors have the opportunity to buy the products online. Once the website is created the next step would be to make people aware of the web presence. Again that can be achieved by using SEO techniques. Online medium can also be used to promote the store location by using advertisement on Google Maps. Web presence should be complemented by presence on Social Media; especially on Facebook and Twitter. Social Media is a great place to engage people and get personal with the users. Studies have revealed that small... This report approves that there exists a music store on Queen Street West in Toronto containing theme based CD's, records and DVD's. The collections are based on the cultural interests of the shop owners. The store does not have any online presence. Store enjoys reasonable amount of foot fall. But, due to the unorganized nature of the shop very few people actually buy the collection. Based on the back ground of the study and the SWOT analysis it can be understood that the shop has entered in to a viscous circle. Customers are visiting the shop; but due to the organized nature of the shop, people are losing interests, People are switching to other firms like HMV through the online medium. Add to that the firm has no online presence. This essay makes a conclusion that Due to the rise of digital technology internet has become the most popular medium to get information for the customers. There just like any other business the music store should also have digital presence in the form of website as well as presence on social media. This will provide the store stop the leaking of customers. Add to this the store needs to get the act together when it comes to store operations which is pretty unorganized to say the least. Store ambience, standard operating procedure in the form of organizing the products based on certain parameters, knowledge of the store staff is going to be the key to success. Also the bar can be used to promote and generate awareness about the store. The thin looking product line can be also being broadened adding new products to target new customer segments.

College Life Essay Example for Free

College Life Essay College life is stress free; whoever said anything about it being difficult is ludacris. Being in college is so nice. There is work but there isn’t as much work as in high school. The assignments aren’t due for credit or points in our final grade. We do assignments for fun. It’s no big deal if we don’t do our homework, cramming the material the night before always works, that’s how high school was. The rest of the time we don’t have class we hang out with friends and talk until the day ends. There are so many things to do on campus such as joining clubs, going downtown, going shopping, or walking around campus with friends; there is no time for homework. There is only time for exploring and having fun in college. That’s what the college life is all about having fun and socializing to our hearts content at parties, during class, after classes and on the weekends. All of the socializing outside of school leads you to do well in college. Testing your boundaries and finding out what you truly love to do. Classes are there to keep you on track and help you appreciate what you’re doing outside of school. School is there to help you realize what you want to do in the future, whether it is your new hobby or your career. College is all about finding yourself. You can always make up the schoolwork anytime, but the main focus that schools want you to do is to have fun while being able to balance assignments and school. They are preparing you for your exciting future in the real world. The real world and the world of college are different but pretty much the same, there are the same workloads and most definitely the same enjoyment in the things you do at work and in college. College work is harder since you have to worry about making connections in college and keeping them strong because those relationships are those that you’re going to treasure most. No one talks about high school memories, everyone talks about college memories. That’s why having the most fun those college years and caring less about school is the way to go for the best college memories and experiences you may ever have, in your entire life. Life is going to be boring without those college years of fun, going in to the working world with more experiences  from college gives you a head up in the game, called the real world. Although you think its bad for you now, but wait until you get to tell everyone about your experiences in college during those job interviews. They will be excited to hire you right off the bat knowing that you are ready for the real world. Ready to work now that you have experience in experiencing the world to its fullest, and being able to share those experiences and relating them to people and their situations. My modest proposal is to enjoy yourself in college, don’t worry too much about the grades. Be in college for the education but don’t forget to go wild when having fun during those college years. You never know when you’re going to be able to experience them again in the real world.

An Essay on the Characteristics and Development of Ancient City-States Essay Example for Free

An Essay on the Characteristics and Development of Ancient City-States Essay A city-state is defined as an independent or autonomous entity whose territory consists of a city which is not administered as part of a local government. Through reading the articles of Larson, Westenholz, and Neihmer it becomes apparent that city-states differ depending on the region and time they are in, and the purpose they serve. The three specific examples that come to mind are the Phoenicians, Assyrians, and the Sumerians. All three of these had unique characteristics that define each society; however, all three societies displayed enough similarities to make them definable as ancient city-states. One of the defining characteristics of a city-state is the fact that it is a self-governing and self-sufficient entity. Ancient city-states provided the first clear evidence for social stratification and most city-states contained a ruling family or dynasty, which controlled the city-state and it’s surrounding hinterlands by managing the land, water, and other natural resources. Each city state also contained a council of elders which helped the ruling family serve as a controlling body of local policy. However in Assyrian city-states there also existed a year-eponymy, which was a person who was elected for a single year to serve as the head of the city hall. He acted as the head of the city and carried out the executive orders form the higher officials suchas the king and the elders. In Sumerian city states, kings were referred to as â€Å"ensi† or â€Å"lugal† which were names that were meant to display to citizens his power and importance, and made his rule indisputable within society. Kings were relied upon to build not only monumental structures and temples for their respective deities, but also to maintain a functional infrastructure. In Phoenician city states, The king was landlord of pretentious places and sacrificial buildings. This display exists in many city- states and not only in Phoenician culture. The king demonstrated his power through buildings such as tombs and temples, but however, he was also the leading figure in charge of maintenance of public places, and in most cities, the defensive wall. There is sufficient evidence of city-walls consistently across all ancient city-states, but the reason these walls existed remains unclear. There is no archaeological evidence of warfare, or conflict between city- states. One of the most logical reasons for these walls to exist was to serve a symbolic purpose because the interior area would be posses a more clear political identity. The Assyrians, in dealing with enemies, took a unique and strict political regime that limited trade and dealings with other city-states, and as evidenced by the archaeological record, in a letter. Their particular rule stated that if any merchant traded with a Akkadian Amorite or a Subariean, then the merchant would be put to death. Laws such as this one established a clear political stance that many cities held on many issues concerning interactions with outsiders. Though The city ruler acted as the city god’s human deputy and managed the assets of the city as a whole. there is also sufficient evidence for long- distance trade. City- states developed in Phoenician, Assyrian, and Sumerian society as important trade resources and had a significant impact on culture. Prominent city-states were key to cultural development because they were able to support local artisans and were key centers of trade, which enabled different cultures to influence one another. Sumerian city-states were located in key trade locations because their own agricultural opportunities were scarce, and they heavily relied on the trade of barley, beer and textiles to other places in order to obtain food resources form elsewhere in order to support their population. In Assyrian society, the economy was controlled by ruling families and therefore, trade was regulated depending on the ruling class. These city-states productivity was dependent upon the weather for that year, so trade would fluctuate depending on the success of the season. For Phoenician city- states, there is sufficient archaeological evidence for long- distance trade, shown in the influence and presence of foreign art and style. Furthermore, archeological evidence is supplied in the discovery of cylinder seals, which were used to ensure the authenticity of the item being traded or shipped, and ensure its condition, if the seal remained unbroken. Key developments in ancient city- states are displayed in the changes of city plan’s and architecture, as well as further developments in trade. In some cases, cities were set up in tribute to a specific deity. These cities were mainly located on a hill, with a temple on the highest point, with the rest of the city built around the center temple. These temples not only served as places of religious worship and practice, but also served as cultural and economic centers. A distinguishing characteristic of many ancient city- states is, dominant palaces, temples†¦of sometimes monumental size and form†¦lie next to tightly knit living quarters traversed by an irregular network of streets, and in most cases these cities had irregular and unique city plans from one another. The proximity of the households to the temple showed the importance and the involvement of the temple in the daily life of the citizens. Furthermore, the layout of the city also demonstrates social stratification.

Symptoms of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)

Symptoms of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) Pathophysiology Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is an acquired syndrome that occurs when a stimulus pathologically activates intravascular coagulation and fibrinolysis resulting in an unbalanced hemostasis (Cunningham, 1999; Huether McCance, 2008; Wada, 2008). The initiation of DIC starts with the release of tissue factor (TF) by the endothelial cells or white blood cells (WBCs). TF are present on many different cell types including lungs, brain, and placenta. The release of TF is subsequent to a variety of causes including trauma, ischemia, excessive metabolic stress, tumors, infectious organisms, exposure to cytokines and endotoxins (Baglin, 1996; Vinay, Abul, Nelson, Richard, 2007). The release of endotoxin is the means by which gram-negative sepsis triggers DIC (Vinay et al., 2007). These endotoxins are a structural component in gram-negative bacteria released when the bacteria are lysed. TF then reacts with coagulation factor VII leading to the common pathway and activation of co agulation factor X (Huether McCance, 2008, p. 498). This complex pathway leads prothrombin to convert to thrombin, which transforms fibrinogen to fibrin (Huether McCance, 2008, p. 542) Excess activation of the coagulation pathway results in an overload of circulating thrombin leaving numerous fibrin clots in circulation (Cunningham, 1999). Fibrinolysis is also decreased during DIC. The main component of fibrinolysis is plasmin, a fibrin-eating enzyme that is activated by the clotting pathway to control the fibrin clots in the vessels (Huether McCance, 2008). These micro-thrombi in the vasculature of organs cause tissue ischemia and dysfunction. Although fibrinolytic properties are present in the body, production is inadequate to control the systemic deposits of fibrin clots (Cunningham, 1999; Huether McCance, 2008). DIC also places the patient at risk for hemorrhage due the rapid consumption of platelets and coagulation factors result in primary hemostasis failure (Bliss Wallace-Jonathan, 2008; Huether McCance, 2008). The failure and dysfunction of both the formation and stabilization pathways of clots bleeding from multiple sites are seen (Bliss Wallace-Jonat han, 2008). Relevant Signs and Symptoms The signs and symptoms of disseminated intravascular coagulation present in a multitude of possibilities. In this specific patient with gram-negative sepsis leading to DIC may present with spontaneous bruising, prolonged bleeding from venipuncture sites, and bleeding from three different sites. There are also many other possible sites including the nose, gums, mucosa, eyes, arterial lines, or surgical wounds (Bliss Wallace-Jonathan, 2008; Wada, 2008). Depending on where the fibrin clots have deposited, other symptoms may manifest as ischemia or organ failure occurs such as in the kidneys, heart, lungs, or in the brain. There is a possibility of hemorrhaging into a closed compartment, which may lead to shock (Huether McCance, 2008). Lab values during DIC are also of great importance. There is no specific test for DIC but a combination of PT (prothrombin time), aPTT (activated partial thromboplastin time), fibrinogen, platelet count and d-dimmer are used to assist in the diagnosis of DIC (Cunningham, 1999). Since many disorders can cause an increase of each of these lab values, it is important to use the whole picture to make the diagnosis. Treatment Treatments for DIC focus on elimination of the cause, controlling the coagulation and formation of clots, and maintain or return organ function (Huether McCance, 2008). In this case study, the elimination of the gram-negative bacteria is one treatment. This essential treatment of antibiotic therapy has already started one hour ago. Another course of treatment is administration of blood products to resupply the body with the depleted clotting factor, platelets, thrombin, and plasmin in an attempt to reduce or eliminate the bleeding (Bliss Wallace-Jonathan, 2008). Administration of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) along with cryoprecipitate and platelet concentrates replaces the clotting factors in patients with active bleeding (Bliss Wallace-Jonathan, 2008). Research on heparin use in DIC found successful in the treatment of DIC in some patients in an attempt to reduce the coagulation pathway activation though not recommended in septic DIC (Huether McCance, 2008; Bliss Wallace-Jonathan, 2008). Clinical trials have made a case for the specific treatment of septic DIC. Antithrombin III appears to be an effective treatment (Bliss Wallace-Jonathan, 2008; Huether McCance, 2008). Organ function requires fluid resuscitation for restoration of blood pressure as well as urine and cardiac output. Outcomes Prognosis varies depending on the underlying disorder. The outcome also depends on the magnitude of thrombi in the vascular system. The patient has a 10%-50% chance of dying with the diagnosis of DIC (Wada, 2008). The rate increases in patients with sepsis though there still is a possibility of a positive outcome. With rapid detection and treatment, DIC can be reversed. Conclusion Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) References Baglin, T. (1996, March 16). Disseminated intravascular coagulation: diagnosis and treatment. British Medical Journal, 312, 683-688. Retrieved from www.galegroup.com Bliss, T. T., Wallace-Jonathan, J. (2008). Hematological and coagulation changes in sepsis. In Competency-based critical care (pp. 17-25). doi: 10.1007/978-1-84628-939-2 Cunningham, V. L. (1999, July). A review of disseminated intravascular coagulation: presentation, laboratory diagnosis, and treatment. Medical Laboratory Observer, 31(7), 42-50. Retrieved from www.generalonefile.com Huether, S., McCance, K. (2008). Understanding pathophysiology (4th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby Elsevier. Vinay, K., Abul, A. K., Nelson, F., Richard, M. N. (2007). Robbins basic pathology (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Saunders Elsevier. Wada, H. (2008). Disseminated intravascular coagulation. In Recent advances in thrombosis and hemostasis 2008. doi: 10.1007/978-4-431-78847-8

Sleep, Dreams, and Our Mental and Physical Processes Essay -- Research

Sleep, Dreams, and Our Mental and Physical Processes Scientists have been researching and conducting studies to discover the true meaning of sleep and dreams. Scientists have developed a few theories on whether we sleep and dream to build up our mental or physical energy. According to the author of an article in Encarta Encyclopedia, Siegel defined sleep as the "natural state of rest characterized by reduced body movement and decreased awareness of surroundings" (Siegel). In an article on MSNBC Interactive, scientists believe in the physical aspects such that energy is lost throughout the day, so sleep is a time to build or restore that energy back up for the next day. The body also does some repair work. A hormone is released while sleeping to restore and build body tissue (Why do we need"). Other scientists in the MSNBC article argue that sleep restores our mental energy. Humans spend all day using the brain and draining out the energy, so sleep is the time to boost that energy up again ("Why do we need"). The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Strokes explained that sleep is also needed for the nervous system to work properly. Sleep gives neurons the chance to shut down and repair themselves, if they do not rest then they begin to malfunction. In deep sleep, growth hormones are released into body, which is important for children and young adults ("Brain Basics"). The true function of sleep though still remains a mystery. Whether sleep is a time for mental or physical restoration, the process of sleep is the same. Lefton, author of a well-known textbook called Psychology, explains that sleep is broken down into five stages. By using electroencephalograms (EEGs), scientists found out more about these ... ...remain a mystery. Works Cited Brain Basics: Understanding Sleep. 3 July 2003. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Strokes. 2 April 2004 <http://www.ninds.nih.gov/health_ and_medical/pubs/understanding_sleep_brain_basic_.htm>. Condor, Bob. "In Our Dreams, Our Emotions Run The Show." Chicago Tribune (21 March 2004). ProQuest Direct. Penn State University Library. 5 April 2004. How Much Sleep Do We Need? 2001. Yahoo! Health. 1 April 2004 <http://health.yahoo. com/health/centers/sleep_disorders/102>. Lefton, Lester A. and Linda Brannon. Psychology. Ed. Carol Merrill. 8th ed. Boston: Pearson Education, 2003. 193-201. Siegel, Jerome M. "Sleep." Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia Standard CD-ROM. Redmond: Microsoft, 2004. Why Do We Need To Sleep So Much? 2004. MSNBC Interactive. 1 April 2004 <http://msnbc.msn.com/id/3076707>.

Cystic Fibrosis: An Overview Essay -- Diseases, Disorders

Introduction Cystic fibrosis is an inherited disease that ultimately leads to death. It affects every racial group worldwide, but its prevalence varies from country to country. In those with cystic fibrosis, the lungs and digestive system are primarily affected by the disease. With the new developments in treatment and management, the 50 percent survival rate from the 1970’s has greatly improved, allowing patients to continue to live their lives longer than ever expected in the past. The new developments in prevention of exacerbations, therapy drugs and methods to preserve lung function have done great things to help patients extend their lives. Education is another important aspect of treating cystic fibrosis. For example, more the patient knows about the disease and the benefits of the treatment, the more likely he, or she, is to comply with their recommended therapy. Though the treatment can be very costly and time consuming, it gives cystic fibrosis patients the opportunity to g o to school, have jobs and even have families. These are normal events that go with aging that many cystic fibrosis patients may never have been able to dream of experiencing. Prevalence Cystic fibrosis is a recessive genetic disease. It is seen mainly in the Caucasian population, with 1 in 3,000 Caucasians having cystic fibrosis, but does affect every racial group. According to the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Patient Registry, as of 2008, there were 30,000 patients with cystic fibrosis in the United States. Keeping this in mind, there are approximately 1,000 patients newly diagnosed with cystic fibrosis each year. The Cystic Fibrosis Foundation also estimates that there are approximately 70,000 children and adults with cystic fibrosis wo... ...fibrosis. In (2011). A.D.A.M medical encyclopedia A.D.A.M., Inc. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001167/ Clarithromycin therapy for patients with cystic fibrosis: A randomized controlled trial. Pediatr Pulmonol, Galli, F., Battistoni, A., Gambari, R., Pompella, A., Bragonzi, A., Pilolli, F., Iuliano, L., Piroddi, M., Dechecchi, M. C., Cabrini, G.. Oxidative stress and antioxidant therapy in cystic fibrosis, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease Dowman, J. K., Watson, D., Loganathan, S., Gunson, B.K., Hodson, J., Mirza, D.F., Clarke, J., Lloyd C., Honeybourne D., Whitehouse, J.L., Nash, E.F., Kelly, D., van Mourik, I., Newsome, P.N.. (2012). Long-term impact of liver transplantation on respiratory function and nutritional status in children and adults with cystic fibrosis. American Journal of Transplantation,

My Philosophy of Education Essay -- Philosophy of Education Teaching T

My Philosophy of Education TEACHER ROLES: I believe that the teacher of elementary students has many roles. I will sometimes be a facilitator-guide, sometimes a supportive, nurturing mother-like figure, and sometimes a sage who imparts knowledge. I will encourage my students to become more self-aware and self-managing. I believe that elementary school teachers must focus significant classroom time on the acquisition of social and community skills such as mutual respect, cooperation, friendship-building skills, and kindness. INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT: In order to be prepared for our rapidly changing, global society, children must begin early to learn how to think critically and to question. I will plan a curriculum which demands my students to analyze and to judge, especially in the disciplines of writing, social studies, and science. MOTIVATION: I believe that teaching and learning are creative and very social. In order for classroom learning to take place at all, there must exist in the community a sense of order and rules. In order for order to exist, students must learn to become self-managers. I will need to convince my students that it is in their best interest to behave appropriately. I will need to convince them that good things will immediately happen to them if they make good behavior choices. In addition to motivation toward good behavior, I will often need to help motivate my students in their pursuit of learning. Providing motivation and persuasion are crit...

Innocent Company Analysis

Innocent Company Analysis Table of Content Front sheet1 Table of Content2 Executive summary3 Introduction Internal analysis 1. 1 Mission, core values, and vision 1. 2Value Chain Analysis 1. 3Positioning Map 1. 4Success & Survival factors 1. 5Miles & Snow Adaptive Strategy External analysis 2. 1Segmentation Analysis 2. 2Porter’s five forces 2. 2Industry Life Cycle 2. 3PEST Analysis 2. 4Benchmarking analysis SWOT Analysis 3. 1Recommendations Executive summary: Introduction This report is an analysis about the company: Innocent Ltd.This company started its way in 1998 by three friends Richard Reed, Adam Balon and Jon Wright and produces healthy drinks and food. Their current market share in the UK is now 78%. Internal Analysis The analysis of the company is started by the internal analysis that broadly examines the marketing practices, the values of the company, the value chain of the company, the positioning in the market, the vital success and survival factors and lastly the Mi les & Snow adaptive strategy. The company’s mission is to create a healthier lifestyle of the population by their products in order to ‘live well and die old’.This is supported by their vision that states that they want to become the earth’s favourite little food company and according to one of their values; creating a business they can be proud of. Moreover, as part of  the  internal analysis, a Value chain analysis has been carried out for Innocent Ltd. The value chain analysis identifies primary and support activities critical for the company’s success. Factors of the companies value chain within their primary and support activities seem very promising and are significant in the success of Innocent Ltd; their current market share of 77. 5% can support this.Nevertheless it is crucial that the company preserves consistency throughout their activities in order for them to sustain profitability, thus maintaining competitive advantage. Based on th e positioning map, Innocent found and filled a gap in the market and is free from its competitors based on quality and price. It is a premium product, however customers are willing to pay for this premium price due to its quality. In order to survive in the industry, it is vital for the company to maintain their innovative and creative marketing campaigns by taking customer preferences into account.In order to succeed, international markets for a huge opportunity for the organization. Due to this international expansion, the company could start to make more use of economies of scale, which increases the margins. The analysis have shown that organization can be seen as a prospector, due to the fact that they have changed the industry or actually started an industry, of healthy smoothies. They are continuously pro-active rather than re-active. External Analysis To move on with the External Analysis of the company, starting with the segmentation analysis.This shows that Innocents custo mers are mainly located in North-Western Europe and countries such as Austria and Switzerland. Based on the demographics, people that buy innocent are between 18 and 40 years old that are business people, mothers, on-the-go people and sports people that mostly come from the AB socio-economic group. The customers identify themselves with the brand and are as well believers and strivers. Their behaviour shows that they are enthusiastic and image seekers (because they find it cool to drink innocent).The porters five forces analysis shows that the competitive rivalry, buyer power and threat of substitutes form the biggest threat for the company. Potential entrants and supplier power are identified as a lower threat due to the fact that it costs a lot of money in order to compete with companies such as Innocent and enough suppliers are present that offer natural fruit products. Luckily enough for Innocent Ltd, the industry is still growing and therefore it can be argued that the industry is in its growth phase, even though they had some struggles with the recession.The PEST-Analysis is used to describe the macro environment of innocent on the subject of political/ legal, economic, social and technological aspects. The government cuts, 5 a day campaign and tax increase play an important role regarding the political issues in the macro environment. It is expected, that the economic climate as well as the smoothie market will improve in the future. The trend for healthy eating and the ethical behavioural consciousness plays a main role in this. It is also expected to have lots of innovation and communication developments regarding he technological macro environment. The benchmarking analysis in this report is applied as well in order to identify the main competitors of Innocent Ltd and to compare those companies with the organization. This analysis shows that Introduction: Richard Reed, Adam Balon and Jon Wright founded innocent in 1998. (Below) They bought ? 500 wort h of fruit and set up a stall at a music festival in Parsons Green, London, selling smoothies. At the stall, the guys put up a sign asking ‘’should we give up our day jobs to make smoothies? ’ They had two bins; one labelled ‘’YES’’ and the other ‘’NO’’ and they asked people to vote using their empty bottles. By the end of the day the ‘’YES’’ bin was completely filled up. This made them decide to start Innocent as a new business. Reed stated ‘’Innocent was born from a bin test’’. (EN, the magazine for entrepreneurs, 2011) (CarMicheal, A, Photography, 2009) They worked hard to gain their capital to realize Innocent as a business; unfortunately they were refused finance from various mainstream banks.With perseverance they managed to source their capital from Maurice Pinto, an American, London based businessman who provided them with the ? 250,000 needed capit al. Pinto has since admitted to having made this decision more out of a sense of obligation than in the expectation of the kind of return he’s made on it – one of the best of his life, it turns out. (EN, the magazine for entrepreneurs, 2011) ‘’The idea was a simple one, like most good business strategies† Reed says. (EN, the magazine for entrepreneurs, 2011) Just over a decade later, Innocent now has an annual turnover of around ? 10m, has been growing by 20% year on year and currently has a around 75% share of the UK smoothies market. (BBC New- Business, 2010). The company now produces more than 30 different recipes and sells more than two million smoothies each week through 10,000 retailers in the UK and overseas. (Young, 2009) Internal Analysis 1. 1. 1Mission statement â€Å"To make natural, delicious food and drink that helps people live well and die old. † (Innocent Ltd, 2011) With this mission statement Innocent emphasises that they prod uce products that are natural and good for you.They explain that the products deliver a boost to vitality and because the products are 100% natural and healthy people will live longer by making their immune system stronger after consuming the vitamins. Ultimately their mission is that they want people to consume as much fruit and vegetable as possible in order to make society healthier. (Innocent Ltd. , 2011) 1. 1. 2Vision statement â€Å"Becoming ‘the earth’s favourite little food company. † (Innocent Ltd. , 2011) A vision statement is something a company aspires to become it should be a projection for the future of the company and where they want to grow. Ward, S 2011) Innocent wants to become the earth’s favourite little food company. Currently they have managed to attain 78% of the smoothie market (source %) in the UK and in the past 2 years Innocent has introduced new products to their brand, which means they are working towards their vision statement . 1. 1. 3Core values Core values hold the foundation to how a company performs. The core values of a company are constant and mark the way a company interacts, produces and presents itself. (NPS, 2010) Innocent has set 5 core values to their company; each value has an individual meaning explained below:Be natural Innocent produces products that are 100% natural, taste good and are healthy to consume. Being natural goes hand in hand with their mission statement where they aim to make society healthier. Be entrepreneurial Innocent started their company by seeing an opportunity; they first sold their smoothies at a music festival in London where they initiated their entrepreneurial approach. Innocent strives to be the best they can be and continuously incorporates creativity into their company to become better than the rest.Be responsible Innocent finds it important to stick to their core values and principles thus they want to be responsible for what they produce and how they educate the consumer. Be commercial Innocent is a commercial business and operates that way. Ultimately the profit they generate is a profit for both them and the customer. Innocent incorporates commercial behaviour in order to be tough and fair to the competition. Be generous Lastly Innocent finds it important to be generous and give back what they can to society.They are involved in various organizations for a good cause and have even set up their own Innocent foundation that provides sustainable farming for a secure future for farmers that produce Innocent fruit. (Innocent Foundation Ltd. 2011) Other organization they are involved are: The big knit (Age UK), innocent scholarship foundation, childcare vouchers, drinks for the homeless, buy one get one bee, taste not waste. (Innocent Ltd. 2011) 1. 2Value Chain Analysis Value Chain Analysis: ‘’The term value chain describes a way of looking at a business as a chain of activities that transform inputs into outputs that customers value.Customer value derives from three basic sources: activities that differentiate the product, activities that lower its cost, and activities that meet the customers’ needs quickly. ’’(Mulleady, F, 2011) Businesses often used the Value Chain Analysis to understand and examine different activities within the business, which contribute to customer value, which they aim to generate to help them gain competitive advantage. Michael Porter suggested that the activities which take place within a business can be grouped under two headings, primary activities and support activities.Primary Activities: Inbound logistics: Innocent produce their products from 100% natural goods, which adds to their overall image as a healthy food and drink label. Due to their values, Innocent do not use concentrates of any kind as they feel that they are very bad for you and hardly contain any original goodness which comes from a fruit. The majority of their products are smoothies, whic h are made from 100% real crushed fruit with no added ingredients or materials. Their other products such as the veg pots contain fresh vegetables, whole grains with herbs and spices.The soundness and efficiency of raw materials is high at Innocent as they link extremely well with the overall image of the company and what they aim to deliver to their customers. Operations (Manufacturing): The company headquarters, also known as the ‘Fruit Towers’ is located in Shepherds Bush, London. This is where the company is based and where the main operations and manufacturing of the products takes place. They have 150 people working for them at the ‘Fruit Towers’ and 250 acorss 9 other offices around Europe. In these offices, the recipies are made, the products are produced and packaging is carried out.A lot of effort is put into their packaging, here are a few examples: Excellent level of efficiency regarding productivity, quality and the layout and work flow design at operations at Innocent. Friendly working environment with an overall low staff turnover. Outbound logistics: Innocent products are sold over 10, 000 retailers, compared to 1 in 1999. Their retailers include supermarkets such as Asda, Tesco’s, Waitrose and Sainsbury’s. (Innocent Website, 2011) Due to the accuracy and effective production line, the outbound logistics, which include the delivery of the inished goods and services, are all very efficient. Marketing and sales: * Identified customer needs: Innocent identified that there in today’s society, with worth ethics increasing rapidly and people always on-the-go, that people don’t have enough time to be healthy. So they decided to offer customers healthy products to help them towards consuming their 5 a day fruit and veg. * Innovation in sales promotion and advertising: excellent level of advertising with the main ones including Posters on public transport, television adverts which are very fun and or iginal, press adverts and billboards.Expanding by the year. Service: * ‘Banana phone’-deals with all consumer queries, good and bad comments, which are then passed on to the ‘Peoples champion’ * Email-Website has a list of name and image of all employees and a link to email them directly! * Post * Blog/Facebook/Twitter They fulfil the significant role of giving customers full attention when it comes to after care, complains, customer inputs for product improvement, their promptness in dealing with customer complaints and quality of customer education. Support activities: General administration: They now have 36 different products compared to 3 which they has in 1999. Innocent have the ability to identify new product and market opportunities. * Seem to work well in achieving their objectives which are mainly to provide fresh and healthy products * Their co-ordination and integration amongst all of the value chain factors is good-This is evident with their cu rrent market share of 77. 5% which has come from a result of their increasing number of employees, increasing their productivity and therefore increasing their retailers from 1 to 10,000 in just over a decade.All of this success has meant that 2 million smoothies are now sold a week which compares enormously to 20 per day sold in 1999. (Innocent Website, 2011) * Excellent Public image Human Resource management: * Generally the staff turnover seems to be low which is excellent for the company as the staff have a great level of knowledge about the company as a whole. * The working environment is very enjoyable and fulfilling for the employees. This effectively minimises absenteeism and keeps the staff turnover as a desirable level through motivation and job satisfaction.Technology development: * Staff carry outstanding ability of creativity and innovation * Experience of technicians such as the recipe maker is very good 1. 3Positioning map The perceptual map is a geometric comparison of how competing products are perceived; the dimensions used on the two axes represent the key attributes as seen by the consumer. It is used to generate knowledge about the parity and difference between competing products. (Fill, 2009) Innocent is placed at the high quality/slightly expensive point compared to its competitors.It could be said that Innocent has the perfect position as its closes competitor, Grove, is of lesser quality and is more expensive and not a lot of other competitors are nearby. The fact that there are not a lot of competitors in the area of Innocent shows that the company saw a clear opportunity in the market. As can be seen in the map, the position low quality/expensive is completely empty; this is probably because of the fact that low quality/expensive products in general are not that successful. (Fill, 2009) Looking at the perceptual map, it can be assumed that one of the factors that makes Innocent Ltd. arket leader is that they fill a gap in the market and had the first-mover advantage. 1. 4Survival & Survival factors Survival factors: In accordance to the report of Global Industry Analysts Inc, the global smoothies market will increase to 9. 0 billion in 2015. In order to survive in this market, it is vital for the company to keep the innovative and creative marketing campaigns alive. Although it seems to be that there is enough space for all competitors to expand, Innocent should be careful in their approach.Taking the customers preferences into account plays a main role in this process without ignoring the financial stability of the company. Success factors: Regarding the report discussed in the previous paragraph, exploiting international markets seems to be an attractive opportunity for Innocent Ltd. This will also increase the applicability of economies of scale for the company, which could have positive effects on costs as well as revenue. Strong relationships with suppliers and distributors will be needed, even strategic a lliances and collaboration forms a success factor of the company.Well-structured and carefully composed contracts should ensure the positive effects these attributes will have on the organization, such as; higher revenues, higher margins and therefore higher profits. Maximization of revenue and minimization of costs will enhance the financial capabilities of the companies, which can be used for marketing campaigns and investments in further developed technology in order to create even more sophisticated smoothies. Another essential success factor for Innocent ltd. is to stay ahead of competition, being pro-active instead of re-active.This should be accomplished by creative marketing campaigns and brand loyalty of the consumer. 1. 5Miles & Snow Strategy Analysis External Analysis 2. 1Market Segmentation Analysis A segmentation analysis is needed in order to identify the characteristics of the market population. The analysis is split up into four segmentation areas; geographic, demogr aphic, psychographic and behavioural segmentation respectively. According to the geographic segmentation, Innocent is distributed in the UK, Ireland, the Netherlands, Belgium, France, Germany, Norway, Finland, Austria, Denmark and Switzerland.However, future expansion could lead to a wider geographic area covered by the organization. In respect to the demographic segmentation, the company is aiming for hard working professionals that are interested in a healthier lifestyle, mainly between 18 and 40 years old. The income of the market is therewith above average (ABC1), due to the fact that the drinks are relatively expensive and mainly used by business people with a modern and trendy lifestyle. The people that buy innocent drinks psychographic identify themselves with the brand and feel therewith connected by the innovative and achievement focused approach of the organization.According to Innocent drinks, one of their key approaches is â€Å"to leave things a little bit better than we find them†. Therefore users of the products are also believers and strivers by supporting this organization. The psychographic part of the market segmentation might also be that the people feel good by drinking or eating the products, due to the fact that the products are healthy and the fact that the organization has its own foundation (Innocent Ltd, 2007) Customers of Innocent definitely can be segmented by behaviour.The marketing of innocent is making them enthusiastic about the brand and it becomes ‘cool’ as well to consume the products of Innocent. The market can therefore partly be seen as image seekers. The people that actually buy the products are young business people, mothers that buy these products as an alternative for the unhealthy sodas and fast food and people that often work out. Even though the company has the largest market share, still a lot of people don’t know the brand due to its short existing period. The group of first-time and po tential users is therefore attractive for the business.The marketing campaigns of Innocent should ensure that the brand awareness of the company increases. 2. 2. 1Market Segmentation summary: Geographic segmentation: | North-Western Europe| Demographic segmentation: | Business people + Mothers + On-the-go people + Sports people + People under 35 + AB socio-economic group| Psychographic segmentation:| Innovators, achievers, believers & strivers| Behavioural segmentation:| Enthusiastic, image seekers, first-time and large amount of potential users. | 2. 2Porters Five Forces Force| Ranking1 = no threat4 = big threat| Industry Analysis| Potential Entrants| 1| High start-up costs|Competitive Rivalry| 4| The juice market is very big with a lot of competitors| Buyer Power| 4| A consumer can easily switch brands| Supplier Power| 2| Many suppliers available| Threat of Substitutes| 4| A lot of substitute drinks for smoothies| The Porter’s five forces model is a holistic way of looking at the industry of interest and it shows whether it is interesting or not to enter a certain industry. The model does not only look at competition in the industry, but also at the threat of substitute products and services and new entrants, and the power of suppliers and consumers. Porter, 2008) Looking at the smoothie industry, the first force â€Å"potential entrants† is ranked with a one, which means that is this force is not a big threat. Although a lot of new smoothies enter the market every year, in general these come from established producers, for example Starbucks. (Innofood, 2011) A barrier for new entrance could be the high start-up costs. The second force â€Å"competitive rivalry† is ranked with a four and therefore a threat in the industry, this means that there are a lot of companies competing in this industry.Examples of main competitors of Innocent Ltd. are Tropicana, Grove, Ella’s Kitchen. â€Å"Buyer power†, the third force is ranked wi th a four, this is often the case in a highly competitive industry with a lot of different brands. Consumers can choose out of many different products, which makes it harder for companies to make them loyal to their brand. In the smoothie industry the fourth force â€Å"supplier power† is ranked with a 2 because their are many suppliers available in this industry and this makes it easy for companies to switch suppliers.The fifth and final force â€Å"threat of substitutes† is of course a four as there are a lot of substitute drinks for smoothies, water, soft drinks etc. The smoothie industry does not look too â€Å"sexy† considering the model. High competitive rivalry, buyer power and threat of substitution make it a difficult industry to be successful and thus profitable in. Low threat of new entrants and supplier power are interesting but do not weight off the other forces. (Porter, 2008) 2. 3Industry Life Cycle An Industry life cycle shows in what stage an or ganization is in the cycle of their life.An industry life cycle consists of four stages, introduction which is a stage for start-ups with a new product or within a new industry. The growth stage follows after, this is when a company expands, introduces new products and grows within the industry. The maturity phase is where a company is in consolidation it also shows a slowing in growth. Lastly the decline stage means sales are decreasing, company reached its peaks and during this stage a company could ultimately die. (Inc. 2011) Innocent ltd is currently positioned in the growth stage of their life cycle.They started with a healthy company and within the last 13 years (since 1998) the company grew towards a market share of 78%. In the past 2 years Innocent has been exploring new grounds and introducing new products to their company such as fruit tubes for kids and microwaveable food pots for those who need a quick meal. Innocent has yet to introduce more products and thus has not re ached the maturity stage yet. In recent years the smoothie industry has become more popular because people become more health aware and smoothies manage to tap into the health and convenience trend of today.The smoothie industry has exceeded into a growth stage and according to research is growing towards a continuously expanding market size which indicated the industry will remain in the growth stage for a long period. (Lloyd, A. 2011) 2. 4PEST Analysis Political: 5 A Day Campaign: Innocent profits from the ‘5 a day’ campaign the government and the NHS support. It states that: The Government recommends an intake of at least five portions of fruit or vegetables per person per day to help reduce the risk of some cancers, heart disease and many other chronic conditions (NHS, 2011).One Innocent Smoothie provides 2 of the daily-recommended intake of 5 portions (Innocent, 2011). Government Cuts: Due to the current recession and a deficit of 156 billion pound, the government decided to save 6. 2 billion in the financial year 2010-11. This includes for example less spending on Civil service pay and the Home Office and therefore less purchasing power for these occupational groups (BBC, 2010). This might affect Innocent sales, because consumer might switch to cheaper brands or stop purchasing Smoothies at all, as Smoothies are relatively pricey and considered to be a tread or a luxury product, not an essential (Mintel, 2011).Corporate Tax decrease: The UK government has decided to reduce the corporate tax to 26% in 2011 and again in 2012 to 25%, compared to 28% what it used to be before (Directgov, 2010). This leads to an increase of revenue for Innocent. VAT increase: On the 4th of January the value added tax where increased to 20 per cent, former it was 17. 5% for standard-rated goods, which includes Smoothies, because they are rated as beverages(Directgov, 2011). In November 2010 Innocent unsuccessfully filed a suit against the 17. % of VAT that was cha rged on their products. They argued, that Smoothies are like â€Å"liquefied fruit salads†, because the raw materials for their drinks are Value added tax free (Helen and Hawkes 2011). But it was declared that a Smoothie is not an essential drink or aliment, but of luxuries, therefore a VAT of 17. 5% was applied (now 20%). This implicates a disadvantage for Innocent, because without the 20% VAT Innocent, could lower prices and increase sales or just have a 20% higher profit margin. Economical: Forecasted future growth in the Smoothie market:The overall trend in the Smoothie market in the UK regarding to sales is ascending. It is expected that sales will increase again from a total of 143 million pound in 2011 to 179 million pound in 2016. After sales have been declining from 2007 till 2009. The expected market growth is an opportunity for Innocent to increase their sales and therefore revenue. (Mintel, 2011) Expected bettering of the economic climate: As one can see in the gr aph, GDP in the UK has started to increase again since the 2nd quarter of 2009.Till the 3rd quarter of 2011 there has been a gain in GDP of about 3. 1% (Office for National Statistics, 2011). The treasury expects further growth in GDP over the next years as well as a decline in the unemployment rate. This will have positive effects on the future spending power of consumer, influence purchasing decisions and strengthens consumer confidence (HM Treasury, 2011). Premium brands such as Innocent will profit from an overall economic growth, because during recessions consumers will at first cut their spending on luxury, not essential good.Source: HM Treasury, (2011). Forecasts for the UK economy: a comparison of independent forecasts Source: HM Treasury, (2011). Forecasts for the UK economy: a comparison of independent forecasts Social: Trend for healthy eating and convenience: In the UK society there has been a long-term trend for healthy eating and convenience food. Innocent benefits fro m this trend because Smoothies and Innocent have the reputation to be healthy as well as their products are an easy way to eat five portions of fruit/vegetables on a daily basis in an increasingly fast moving society (Mintel, 2011).Awareness of ethical behaviour: Corporate Social Responsibility tends to be important to consumer, where more than three fifths of consumers believed it important that a company act ethically. Although during the recession this attitude change during the recession, where people were more concerned about their personal wealth and spending. Innocent with its core value being sustainability, profits from the consumer awareness on ethical behaviour of firms and therefore might experience an increase in its brand reputation and brand awareness (Mintel, 2011). Demographics:Most consumer who buy Smoothies are under 35 years old and those in the AB socio-economic group. Because they are more concerned about health and diet. The Graph shows that overall the UK pop ulation is aging this will lead to an increase of the population of consumers between 25-34, which are most likely to by Innocent products. Therefore Sales are expected to increase. But on the other hand, the over 55s are a large segment and are unlikely to purchase Smoothies (Mintel, 2011). Technological: Innovation: Ethical packaging and healthy products are the two main attributes the firms in the market concentrate on.Hence the firms focus on developing new ways of ethical and sustainable packaging, like Innocent, who introduced a bottle made of 100% recycled plastic(Mintel, 2011). Moreover the companies are trying to producer their products with as little additives as possible to bring forward the naturalness of the product. Another important factor for the firms in the market is the innovation of new recipes in order to attract new costumers, for example children or older people. Communication: â€Å"Above-the-line investment in the smoothies market rose by almost 50% in 2010 , to ? 6. 1 million. Due to the fact that all the products in the smoothies market are substitutes and switching costs are low, the companies have to build a relationship with the costumer in order to keep them buying their product. Political * Government cuts * 5 a day campaign * Tax increase (VAT) * Decrease of Corporation Tax| Economic: * Expected bettering of the economic climate * Forecasted future growth in the Smoothie market| Social * Trend for healthy eating and convenience * Awareness of ethical behaviour (CSR) * Demographic| Technological * Innovation * Communication| . 4Competitive Benchmarking Analysis | Innocent(Innocent ltd, 2011)| Tropicana(Tropicana, 2011)| Ella’s Kitchen(Ella's Kitchen ltd, 2011)| Market Share(Lloyd, A. 2011)| 78%| 3%| 2%| Target Market| Business people, mothers, sports people, on-the-go people| Only available for supermarket shoppers. Mothers (children, babies)| Competitive Advantages| 100% natural, strategic alliance with coca cola, | Inte rnationally established| Specially for babies and small children (stages), added value less costs | Core competencies| Brand advertising and communication| World leader in fruit juice manufacturing| Wide product range (drink, food and snack)| Competitive Strategies| Differentiation| Cost leadership| Differentiation Focus| CSR activities| Big knit (Age UK), innocent scholarship foundation, the innocent foundation, childcare vouchers, drinks for the homeless, buy one get one bee, taste not waste. |Expending carton recycling, waste reduction efforts, bottle recycling, rainforest rescue, PepsiCo sustainability. | Eco offices, terra cycle, recyclable packaging, super schools| Competitor ranking| X| 1| 2| Competitive benchmarking is a continuous process of comparing the output, performance and practice of an organization to its direct competition. The matrix gives an overview of the different aspects of Innocent and its closest competitors; Tropicana and Ella’s Kitchen. The matrix above shows that Innocent is a well established and growing company with an incredible market share of 78% in the UK smoothie market.The close competitors only share a 5% market share, the remaining market share is either by very small brands or own brands such as Tesco and Waitrose. Looking at the target market there are some variations, Ella’s Kitchen has a narrow focus on mothers who feed their babies and small children. Tropicana is generally only available to people shopping at supermarkets and Innocent is available in numerous locations from supermarkets, vending machines to supermarkets which means its accessible to the mass public and thus has the largest target market. (Mintel, 2011)Moreover, Innocent prides itself on it products being 100% natural and this is therefore a competitive advantage because very few competitors can state that they only use pure fruit without any processing such as pasteurization. Tropicana uses a pasteurization process in their juice, whic h makes it less healthy than innocent. (Tropicana, 2011) The strategic alliance with Coca-Cola can on one hand be a competitive advantage because Innocent can you the power Coca-cola has but on the other hand Coca-cola could be a bad influence and bad for their eco reputation.Tropicana has a competitive advantage over Innocent and that is that they already are international established and far greater than innocent has. Ella’s kitchen has a competitive advantage oriented towards their target group. They are considered a solid competitor in the smoothie industry and their major customer is the mother, which means that a majority of the target group ‘mothers’ favours ella’s kitchen over the others. Now about the core competencies, innocent has a very popular and a unique brand dvertising and communication that makes them differ from the others and stand out. Tropicana is the world leader in fruit juice manufacturing which is what makes them stand out and las tly Ella’s kitchen has a very wide product range but does compete high up in the smoothie market. When we look at competitive strategies we know that Innocent has a differentiation strategy because they have a broad target and their products are differentiated from the competition. Tropicana on the other hand has a cost leadership approach because they also have a broad target but low costs.Lastly, Ella’s Kitchen uses the strategy differentiation focus because they have a narrow target and a differentiation approach. (Institute for manufacturing, 2011) Finally when looking at the CSR activities all three companies are involved with corporate social responsibility but Innocent is definitely the leader and even has their own foundation. Overall we ranked Tropicana as a stronger competitor. SWOT Analysis All information gained from the tools is used to compose the SWOT analysis. The strengths and weaknesses of Innocent ltd. re derived from the internal analysis of this re port. To start with the main strengths of the organization, the market share of 78% in the UK smoothie market is definitely a strong point of the company. Moreover, the closest competitors (Tropicana ; Ella’s Kitchen) only have three and two percent respectively. This shows the power of Innocent ltd. in the smoothie market. In addition to their power, the brand awareness and the brand image of Innocent is therefore very high. The organization focuses on charity work and wants to ‘leave things a little bit better than we found it’. Innocent ltd, 2011) They have won several business awards such as the Barclays Green Leaders Business Award and the Business Commitment in 2008. Furthermore, their premium quality of their products differentiates themselves from their competitors and forms the basis of the brand loyalty and the cause of their high market share. The Banana phone and the AGM days support the customer loyalty due to the fact that it increases the involveme nt of customers in the organization. Their market share, brand loyalty and close retailer relationship support another strength of the company, which is that the roducts are placed at eye-height in the supermarkets and in clear sight at other retailers such as Starbucks. Despite of the many strengths of the company, our internal analysis of the organization also showed some weaknesses. The first weakness of the company is the price inflexibility, which means that the prices of smoothies are dependant on the prices of food. Furthermore, the competition remains a weakness of the company, due to the fact that established companies such as Starbucks are now starting fruit bars as well, which could negatively affect the sales of the Innocent products.Furthermore, the internal analysis showed that the organization is highly dependant on their smoothies sales. This is a weakness because when the sales or trend of smoothies declines, the whole revenue and profit of the company will decline as well. This is also mainly due to their narrow target market, which is the AB socio-economic group, that intensively reacts on the state of the economy. In times of recession, the smoothies are seen as luxury products, which cause a decline in sales during this time.To go on with the opportunities and threats gained from the external analysis. According to reports used in the analysis, the international smoothie market will be worth 15 billion in 2015, which causes a major opportunity for the company to go global. In addition, the government is supporting healthier lifestyles with the 5 a day campaign and the trend is to buy and eat organic healthy food, which could benefits Innocent as a healthy business in the future. In addition to this trend, an opportunity for Innocent is to differentiate more on healthy products.They already did with their veggie pots, however there are lot more opportunities for more healthy foods and drinks. Lastly, the strategic alliance with Coca-Cola mi ght negatively as well as positively influence Innocent Ltd. An opportunity for the company is to make more use of strategic alliances or partnerships in the future, which for example, could benefits and support the international expansion. And lastly, the external analysis showed some threats that could affect the business negatively. Firstly, it is necessary to monitor the competition in hat they are doing and anticipate on them in order to maintain their ‘prospector’ status according to their Miles ; Snow adaptive strategy. In addition, the prospector strategy could also lead to losses due to the risk that is associated with this strategy. Another threat is the fact that Innocent’s products are highly linked to the economic climate, with fewer sales in times of recession. Furthermore, substitute products form a threat for the company, for example when other soft drinks become healthier; the consumers could decide to buy those instead of the healthy innocent dr inks.And lastly, as discussed in the opportunities paragraph, the controversial alliance with Coca-Cola could negatively influence the brand image of Innocent Ltd. Appendix †¦ shows the overview of the SWOT analysis. Recommendations The strategic alliance with coca-cola can have a negative impact on the company, thus Innocent needs to be solid in not adapting the culture of coca-cola and stick to their own eco approach. If coca-cola influences them they might lose their CSR aspects.Another point is that Innocent has a very narrow target market and only AB socio economic people can afford to buy the products regularly. Innocent is also highly dependant on food prices, which are linked to the economic climate. If there is a change in the economic climate prices might increase which will affect their narrow target group even more. In order to avoid such a problem Innocent needs to stick to their prices or even try to lower them and possible increase sales because the demand will b ecome higher from a larger target group.Lastly, many companies such as Starbucks are also starting fruit bars and or juices which can ultimately become a threat to Innocent but in order to remain market leader in the smoothie industry Innocent should stick to their 100% natural policy and due to the current health trend the healthy consumer will prefer Innocent over the others. There are very few competitors that can also incorporate the 100% natural policy, they will also add sugars, additives or pasteurization processes which makes the product become less healthy hence if Innocent remains a healthy product they will always have a competitive advantage.ReferencesBBC Business news. (2011). Richard Reed, Innocent Drinks. Available from: http://www. bbc. co. uk/news /business- 11551271. [Accessed 01. 11. 2011]BBC, (2010). Spending Review: Cuts watch, department-by-department. [online]BBC News. Available from: http://www. bbc. co. uk/news /uk-politics-10924719 [Accessed 9. 12. 2011].Bu siness Dictionary 2011, Competitive Benchmarking [online], Available from: http://www. businessdictionary. com/definition /competitive- benchmarking. html [Accessed: 11. 11. 2011]CarMicheal, A. (2009). Innocent. Available from: http://www. allycarmichael. om/photo_ 6035145. html. [Accessed] 29. 10. 2011]Directgov, (2010). Corporation Tax rates. [online] HM Reveue ; Customs. Available from: http://www. hmrc. gov. uk/rates /corp. htm [Accessed 9. 12. 2011].HM Treasury, (2011). Forecasts for the UK economy: a comparison of independent forecasts. online] Available from: http://www. hm-treasury. gov. uk /d/ 201111forcomp. pdf [Accessed 9. 12. 2011].Innocent Ltd. (2011), Innocent & Business Purpose, Vision and values [online], Available from: http://www. innocentdrinks. co. uk/careers/business/purpose/ [Accessed: 11. 11. 2011]Innocent Foundation Ltd. (2011), about the foundation [online], Available from: http://www. innocentfoundation. org/ [Accessed: 11. 11. 2011] Innocent Ltd. (2011). G allery. Available: http://www. innocentdrinks. co. uk/ bored/ gallery/. [Accessed: 04. 11. 2011]Mintel Group Ltd, (2011). Smoothies-UK-October 2011 Strength and Weaknesses. [online] Available from: http://academic. mintel. com/ sinatra/ oxygen_academic/ display/ i [Accessed 9. 12. 2011].Mulleady, F (2011). Strategic Perspectives. London: McGraw-Hill Education. p. 147-151. NHS, (2011). Why 5 a day?. [online] NHS. Available from: http://www. nhs. uk/ Livewell/ 5ADAY/ Pages/ Why5ADAY. aspx [Accessed 9. 12. 2011].NPS (2010), What are Core Values? [online], Available from: http://www. nps. gov/ training/ uc/ whcv. htm [Accessed: 11. 11. 2011]Office for National Statistics, (2011). GDP and the Labour Market. online] Available from: http://www. ons. gov. uk/ons/ dcp171780_242980. pdf

Media Impact on the Society Analyzed Using Conflict Theory Essay

According to the Conflict theory of sociology, the delimitate quality of human societies has al counsels been the introduction of different linees of lot in the confederation and conflicts of interest between these classes of people.In the get together States, wealth and baron ar toilsome in the hands of a relatively few wealthy families. The interests of this relatively teensy but wealthy and politically almighty class of people is always beneath(a) threat from the hoi polloies at large, therefrom institutionalized mechanisms exist in the political science and nightspot, that allow the loaded to retain their wealth and power and the silly to remain forgetful and non-influential (Mantsios).The media is virtuoso such rotating shaft for perpetuating the power of the exuberant. More than half of all the mass media outlets such as newspapers, magazines and movie studios atomic number 18 owned by just 23 large corporations which ar in turn, below the control of th e speeding class. It is non impress therefore that the media draws in advocacy for the sufficient and for the continuance of the status quo in the frugal, political and kind evidence (Mantsios).The basic dodging followed in the media in order to go on the masses from rising against the inequalities of the political and neighborly musical arrangement is divide and conquer. This does not necessarily have to be a conscious decision on the fork of the media administrators rather it whitethorn simply be a manifestation of the ideology that drives media owners.The media engages in inciting the larger part of the lower classes, which ar relatively better-off sections of against those sections of the ships compevery which face understructure poerty and destitution. They be painted as threats to a super C someones security, as parasites living off the taxpayers m one(a)y and in general as people who are scurvy by dint of their own bad lifestyle choices (Mantsios).The loaded on the different hand are portray as benevolent although their corporations engage in practices which are greatly perverting to the common person and are a lot responsible for the destruction of the livelihood of the poor particularly small businesses. Their wealth is portrayed to be the result of hard hit and effort even though the privileged receive a far larger share of the taxpayers money in the form of agricultural subsidies etc. (Mantsios)The media humanizes the rich by exploring minute medical prognosiss of their personal lives and dehumanizes the poor as a violent, lazy and fell class (Mantsios).The rich are visualized as people with interesting disposition quirks and eccentricities but ultimately harmless, those few among the rich who are convicted of criminal behavior are written off as a few bad apples. In this way the harmful effects of the haltemic amicable stratification in Ameri feces society and the harmful actions engaged in by upper class oliga rchs are glossed everywhere or ignored (Mantsios).Social mixer stratificationSocial Stratification is the division of the individuals in a society in evident classes in accordance with their social baffle and wealth. Different societies have different levels of rigidity in their amicable order. The more socially stratified a society, the less common it becomes for a person born in a lower class to hike up to a high class through their own efforts (Domhoff).An extreme typeface of social stratification was the traditional caste system in Hindu society. This system forced people to adopt the lot of their ancestors. Thus priestly families would only elicit more priests, soldier families would produce soldiers, handmaiden families would produce only servants and the untouchable unwanted families would produce only outcasts.In the fall in States, one of the manifestations of social stratification muckle be observed in the situations of life system. The effect of social s tatus muckle clearly be seen in students carrying out in standardized tests. On reasonable students from high income families have much higher SAT scores than students from low income families (Mantsios, break in America Myths and Realities).Another aspect of social stratification is in the suppose market, people whose parents were blue collar ploughers are far more likely to be blue collar workers. The people in the upper class on the other hand t overthrow to remain upper class (Domhoff).According to Marxist impression, social stratification arose out of the unequal economic infrastructure of a society one class owned the means of performance and the other class was forced to apportion their labor to them.In Marxist thought, the social classes were in perpetual conflict. Marx passeled history as one long struggle of the under classes against the privileges in societal infrastructure that the everyplace classes had built for themselves.Marx viewed the abolition of monarc hy as one step in the destruction of over class privilege, now it was no semipermanent acceptable for an upper class to wield its right to rule everyone else based on divine authority, however wage slavery persisted i.e. the lower classes were still obliged to shop their labor to those who owned the means of production, in order to survive.According to Marxist thought the abolition of private ownership was the near step in evolution of a society without social stratification.Revolutionary, right, Conservative and ultraconservative Social MovementsSocial gesture can be divided into four typed in accordance with their primary characteristicsRevolutionary social rides are movements that intent to stimulate political upheaval and radical social pitch to the society. Revolutionary movements frequently seek to shoot down active greater social equating and to remove one individual, family, ethnicity or social class monopoly on power and wealth. For exemplification the Aboli tionist movement in the American southbound sought to bring an end to the endemic social institution of slavery.Reform movements seek to bring about coercive removes in the social order plot of land not attempting to radically threaten the be social hierarchy. An sheath of a unsnarl movement would be a movement that called for better treatment of slaves rather than an end to slavery.Conservative movements seek to perpetuate the brisk social order and to resist the influences which they view as threatening to the status quo. The work of pro-slavery preachers in the antebellum American South may be viewed as a conservative movement.Reactionary movements are radical and often violent expressions of opposition to changes fetching place in a society, the southerly insurrectionist movement is an example of a reactionary movement.The informed skip movement among urban African Americans cannot be neatly fitted into any of these molds. hep hop may be regarded as reactionary to t he achievement that it was a reaction to the destruction of the traditional African American social order by outside capitalist forces (Rose).Hip Hop can be regarded as revolutionary movement due to the often radical message of black sanction that some of the song lyrics convey.Hip Hop can be regarded as a reform movement due to the fact the main exponents of the movement have incomplete the means and nor the serious inclinations for bringing about radical change.Hip Hop may be viewed as a conservative movement due to the fact that it seeks to perpetuate some social inequalities such as patriarchy (Rose).In short Hip Hop is merely a tool for the voiceless to voice their frustrations and concerns, its value as a cohesive movement to bring about any positive change in the African American federation is doubtful.Gender SocializationGender socialization is the progressive assimilation of a person into the society by adoption of behaviors which the society considers confiscate for his or her sex activity.The process of sex socialization is initiated at a youth age and niggling girls and boys are taught to assoil differently (Lorber).Often the means of gender socialization are quite insidious and may not even be realized by parents or guardians who contend and enforce the process. A classical example of gender socialization is parents getting dolls for little girls and guns for little boys. This insidiously teaches little girls that their character reference in life is to be nurturers and to robes well and look nice eyepatch boys learn that resorting to violence is a socially confiscate behavior for them.Being priapic and female person is thus an adopted societal role that is forced upon an individual by society and to be socially appropriate an individual must constantly do gender (Lorber).This process of doing gender is especially exhausting to those individuals who do not touch sensation sufficiently male or female, do not strictly identify wit h any gender or identify with a different gender than the one considered appropriate for them by the society (Lucal).In What It kernel to be Gendered Me, Betsy Lucal, a tall female with a male appearance faces many a(prenominal) difficulties. She is challenged when approximateing to physical exercise the ladies toilet, service ply addresses her as sir and she is suspected of fraud when attempting to use her credit card (Lucal).She finds that when she is with her brother, young women try to flirt with her, believing them to be two unattached young men, and when she is with her female friends, people tend to think of them as a heterosexual couples (Lucal).